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		<h1 id="0049-mvc-part-ii--the-comboboxtext---a-few-simple-examples">0049: MVC Part II – the ComboBoxText<br /> - a Few Simple Examples</h1>

<p>Continuing from last time…</p>

<p>Of the two <strong>Model</strong>s used in <em>GTK</em>, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeStore</code> and the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ListStore</code>, the latter is the least complex because it adheres to a flat data <strong>Model</strong>, so we’ll begin with that. As mentioned last time, <em>GTK</em> widgets that use a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ListStore</code> are:</p>

<ul>
  <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBox</code>,</li>
  <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code>, and</li>
  <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TreeView</code>.</li>
</ul>

<p>Let’s start with the simplest of the bunch…</p>

<h2 id="the-comboboxtext-without-entry">The ComboBoxText (without Entry)</h2>

<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img0" src="../images/screenshots/017_mvc/mvc_01.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal0" class="modal">																	<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close0">&times;</span>															<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img00" />															<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal0");														// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img0");															// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img00");													// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close0")[0];											// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img1" src="../images/screenshots/017_mvc/mvc_01_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" />		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal1" class="modal">																				<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close1">&times;</span>																		<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img11" />																		<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal1");																	// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img1");																		// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img11");																// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close1")[0];														// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																								<!-- ------------- filename (below) --------- -->
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/017_mvc/mvc_01_comboboxtext.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>

<p>You might think the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBox</code> would be the simpler of the two, but <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code> is specialized for use with text only while <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBox</code> can be used with text, numbers of various types, and also images. This means we can take advantage of all the text-related assumptions made by the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code>’s functionality and get away with less work and less code. We won’t have to deal with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CellRenderer</code>s or even the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ListStore</code> itself, not directly.</p>

<p>As usual, our first example of a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code> is instantiated inside an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">AppBox</code> which, in turn, is instantiated inside a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">TestRigWindow</code>, so we don’t need to look at those. The class we’re looking at first is this:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">DayComboBoxText</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ComboBoxText</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="k">private</span><span class="p">:</span>
	<span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="n">days</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"yesterday"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"today"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"tomorrow"</span><span class="p">];</span>
	<span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">entryOn</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">public</span><span class="p">:</span>
	<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">()</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="k">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">entryOn</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
		<span class="k">foreach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">days</span><span class="p">)</span>
		<span class="p">{</span>
			<span class="n">appendText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">);</span>
		<span class="p">}</span>

		<span class="n">addOnChanged</span><span class="p">(&amp;</span><span class="n">doSomething</span><span class="p">);</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// this()</span>
	
	
	<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">doSomething</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ComboBoxText</span> <span class="n">cbt</span><span class="p">)</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getActiveText</span><span class="p">());</span>
		
	<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// doSomething()</span>

<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// class DayComboBoxText</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>Not a lot to look at here… Call the super-class constructor, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">appendText()</code> a bunch of strings, and we’ve got a working widget.</p>

<p>Also as usual, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">doSomething()</code> function is just a stubby little thing that shows how the widget signal <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">addOnChanged()</code> is harnessed. We’ll look more closely at that signal in a bit because it does have its foibles, but right now I want to draw your attention to the initialization section where we find…</p>

<h3 id="the-entryon-variable">The entryOn Variable</h3>

<p>By default, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBox</code> and the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code> both assume you want an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code> attached to your drop-down list. But I wanted to start with the simplest form of this widget, so here it’s turned off. It’s extra code, but we end up with extra simplicity.</p>

<h2 id="the-comboboxtext-with-a-preselected-item">The ComboBoxText with a Preselected Item</h2>

<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img2" src="../images/screenshots/017_mvc/mvc_02.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal2" class="modal">																<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close2">&times;</span>														<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img22" />														<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal2");													// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img2");														// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img22");												// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close2")[0];										// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img3" src="../images/screenshots/017_mvc/mvc_02_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" /> 		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal3" class="modal">																			<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close3">&times;</span>																	<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img33" />																	<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal3");																// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img3");																	// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img33");															// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close3")[0];													// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																							<!--------- filename (below) ------------>
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/017_mvc/mvc_02_comboboxtext_preselect.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>

<p>The difference between example #1 and example #2, a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code> with a pre-selected item, is minimal. We just add a single line of code to the constructor:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>	<span class="n">setActive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>And that’s all it takes to have one of our list items selected and showing on start-up. Just so you know, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">0</code> is an index into the list of items, so we could also have set it to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">1</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">2</code>.</p>

<h2 id="the-comboboxtext-with-entry">The ComboBoxText with Entry</h2>

<div class="screenshot-frame">
	<div class="frame-header">
		Results of this example:
	</div>
	<div class="frame-screenshot">
		<figure>
			<img id="img4" src="../images/screenshots/017_mvc/mvc_03.png" alt="Current example output" />		<!-- img# -->
			
			<!-- Modal for screenshot -->
			<div id="modal4" class="modal">																<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close4">&times;</span>														<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img44" />														<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal4");													// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img4");														// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img44");												// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close4")[0];										// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>
			<figcaption>
			Current example output
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-terminal">
		<figure class="right">
			<img id="img5" src="../images/screenshots/017_mvc/mvc_03_term.png" alt="Current example terminal output" /> 		<!-- img#, filename -->

			<!-- Modal for terminal shot -->
			<div id="modal5" class="modal">																			<!-- modal# -->
				<span class="close5">&times;</span>																	<!-- close# -->
				<img class="modal-content" id="img55" />																	<!-- img## -->
				<div id="caption"></div>
			</div>
			
			<script>
			// Get the modal
			var modal = document.getElementById("modal5");																// modal#
			
			// Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption
			var img = document.getElementById("img5");																	// img#
			var modalImg = document.getElementById("img55");															// img##
			var captionText = document.getElementById("caption");

			img.onclick = function()
			{
			  modal.style.display = "block";
			  modalImg.src = this.src;
			  captionText.innerHTML = this.alt;
			}
			
			// Get the <span> element that closes the modal
			var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close5")[0];													// close#
			
			// When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal
			span.onclick = function()
			{ 
				modal.style.display = "none";
			}
			</script>

			<figcaption>
				Current example terminal output (click for enlarged view)
			</figcaption>
		</figure>
	</div>

	<div class="frame-footer">																							<!---------- filename (below) ---------->
		The code file for this example is available <a href="https://github.com/rontarrant/gtkd_demos/blob/master/017_mvc/mvc_03_comboboxtext_entry.d" target="_blank">here</a>.
	</div>
</div>

<p>Now we get to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code>fied version with example #3, a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code> with an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code>. These examples are all really the same code with a few changes, so we’ll skip right to them. For starters, here’s the initialization section:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="n">days</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"yesterday"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"today"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"tomorrow"</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">entryOn</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">entryOn</code> variable is, of course, now true which makes the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code> appear.</p>

<p>In the constructor, there’s a new line of code hooking up a second signal/callback:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">addOnKeyRelease</span><span class="p">(&amp;</span><span class="n">onKeyRelease</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>And we’ll talk about that in a moment. For now, I wanna talk about…</p>

<h3 id="the-foible-of-the-onchanged-signal">The Foible of the onChanged Signal</h3>

<p>Now we run headlong into that foible I mentioned earlier… The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onChanged</code> signal doesn’t distinguish between these two actions:</p>

<ul>
  <li>typing in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code>, and</li>
  <li>selecting an item from the drop-down list.</li>
</ul>

<p>If we don’t help it distinguish between these two actions, the callback will be triggered whenever the user hits a key. It’s messy and it might lead to unseen complications somewhere down the road, so here’s the plan:</p>

<p>When the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onChanged</code> signal’s callback is triggered, the first thing we’ll do is check which item is active:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">onChanged</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ComboBoxText</span> <span class="n">cbt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getActiveText</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">!</span><span class="k">is</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"this is a list item: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">getActiveText</span><span class="p">());</span>
	<span class="p">}</span>

<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// onChanged()</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>If the index is any number from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">0</code> and up, that tells us the text currently in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code> is an item from the drop-down. But, if we get an index of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-1</code>, the text only exists in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code> which that tells us the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onChanged</code> signal is reacting to the user typing.</p>

<p>If for some reason you want to do something with every incoming keystroke, now’s your chance. Just follow the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">if</code> with an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">else</code> and you’re good to go.</p>

<h3 id="running-the-example">Running the Example</h3>

<p>Once you’ve compiled the code, the following actions will be demonstrated:</p>

<ul>
  <li>selecting from the list will result  in the selection being echoed to the terminal,</li>
  <li>text typed into the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Entry</code> will not show up in the terminal until you hit the <em>Enter</em> key. That’s where the second signal, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onKeyRelease</code>, is triggered.</li>
</ul>

<p>And speaking of which, let’s look at the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">onKeyRelease</code> callback:</p>

<div class="language-d highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">onKeyRelease</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Event</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Widget</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
	<span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="n">stopHereFlag</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
	
	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">type</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">EventType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">KEY_RELEASE</span><span class="p">)</span>
	<span class="p">{</span>
		<span class="n">GdkEventKey</span><span class="p">*</span> <span class="n">keyEvent</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">;</span>
		
		<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">keyEvent</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">keyval</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">GdkKeysyms</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GDK_Return</span><span class="p">)</span>
		<span class="p">{</span>
			<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"onKeyRelease: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">getActiveText</span><span class="p">());</span>			
		<span class="p">}</span>
	<span class="p">}</span>

	<span class="k">return</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stopHereFlag</span><span class="p">);</span>
	
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// onKeyRelease()</span>
</code></pre></div></div>

<p>As mentioned, it’s triggered when the user hits the <em>Enter</em> key. In actuality, it goes off every time a key is pressed, but we use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">if()</code> statement to ignore everything except <em>Enter</em>.</p>

<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>

<p>And that’s all for this time. Next time, we’ll continue this discussion while looking at how to add and remove items from the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ComboBoxText</code>’s list.</p>

<p>See you then.</p>

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